The British staged a withdrawal from the region in the 1960s and early ’70s: Kuwait (1961), Aden (1967), and Bahrain, Qatar and the Trucial States, now the United Arab Emirates (1970-1).Revenues from the oil industry, already vast, greatly increased after 1974, when the oil-producing countries renegotiated the oil price after the West’s support for...
The Arab buffer states of the Ghaznavids and the Lakhmids both fell foul of suspicions of treachery by their respective patrons, the Byzantine, and Persian emperors. This had the effect of making the borders of the two empires open to attack by nomadic Arab tribes.Meanwhile the preaching of a prophet called Muhammad in the...
The control of the lucrative maritime trade is now in the hands of the kingdom of Axum, in modern Ethiopian, and the southern Arabian civilization has declined with the fall off in overland traffic up the peninsula. The once-extensive irrigation systems have become badly degraded, with sometimes calamitous effects: there is evidence for dam...
During the first century, CE Greek sailors pioneered the Indian Ocean trade routes, using the Monsoon winds to take their sailing ships to and from the subcontinent. Abundant archaeological evidence in India points to the extent of this trade. Unfortunately for the towns and kingdoms of southern Arabia, the Greek merchant ships could by-pass the southern...
The kingdoms of southern Arabia continue to thrive as their cities take a central part in the expanding incense trade. Indeed, this period probably sees the height of southern Arabian prosperity in ancient times, with the irrigation systems at its most productive and the overland trade in myrrh and frankincense at its most flourishing....
The kingdoms of southern Arabia have continued to flourish. The well-organized irrigation systems, crucial to the agriculture of the region and the economic well-being of the population, are kept in good repair and continue to expand. The trade in frankincense and myrrh also continues to expand. Towns have also appeared further north, along the...
جزیرہ نما عرب (عربی: شبه الجزيرة العربية، انگریزی: Arabian Peninsula) جافریقا اور ایشیا کے سنگم پر واقع ایک جزیرہ نما ہے جس کا بیشتر حصہ صحرائی ہے۔ جزیرہ نما عرب مشرق وسطی کا اہم ترین حصہ ہے اور تیل اور گیس کے وسیع تر ذخائر کے باعث خطے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔نوب مغربی ایشیا میںجزیرہ نما عرب کا ساحل مغرب میں بحیرہ احمر اور خلیج...